E.E.R. stands for Energy Efficiency Ratio. An air conditioner with higher E.E.R. saves more energy and is more efficient. E.E.R. is a ratio calculated by dividing the cooling capacity in Btu/h [W] by the power input in Watts [W] at any given set of rating conditions, expressed in Btu/hr/W [W/W].

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S.E.E.R stands for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. It measures how efficiently a residential central cooling system (air conditioner or heat pump) will operate over an entire cooling season, as opposed to a single outdoor temperature. As with E.E.R., a higher S.E.E.R. reflects a more efficient cooling system.

S.E.E.R is calculated based on the total amount of cooling (in Btu) the system will provide over the entire season divided by the total number of watt-hours it will consume.

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C.O.P stands for Coefficient of Performance. It is the measurement of how efficient a heating or cooling system (particularly a heat pump in its heating mode) will operate at a single outdoor temperature condition. An air conditioner with higher C.O.P saves more energy and is more efficient. C.O.P is a ratio of the heating capacity in Watt [W] to the effective power input of the equipment in Watts [W] at any given set of rating condition, expressed in W/W. the formula is stated:

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H.S.P.F stands for Heating Seasonal Performance Factor. It is the measurement of how efficiently all residential and some commercial heat pumps will operate in their heating mode over an entire normal heating season. The higher the H.S.P.F, the more efficient the system. H.S.P.F is determined by dividing the total number of Btu of heat produced over the heating season by the total number of watt-hours of electricity that is required to produce that heat. The formula is:

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a. Capacity
This factor is most obvious to select an air-conditioners based on the size of room or any space to determine the essential capacity of AC. However, determining of capacity should be involved the heat load estimation of the room as well. For example, the consideration of heat lose through the wall, door and window, heat generated by equipments and humans, etc.

b. Efficiency
The efficiency of an AC directly affects the operating cost of an air conditioning system. The way to calculate the efficiency is based on EER (Energy Efficiency Relative) which is the ratio of rated capacity output and rated power input. The figure reflects the total capacity of cooling/heating that we can get out from an AC system per unit power that we input to it.

c. Reliability
Air conditioner is required to do maintenance after installed, in other words, an unreliable air
conditioner will incur more cost after sales service.

d. Comfort
The system must be able to control the basic factors of comfort like temperature, humidity and air
motion within an acceptable range. For overall, the comfortable temperature ranges from 20 °C to 26 °C.

e. Cost
The Total Cost of application of Air Conditioning is important because it is direct affected the reliability of the unit and also the quality of the products that we wish to select.

f. Aesthetics
The factor is important when the coverage area is somewhere open to the public like Hotel, Restaurant and Shopping Complexes.

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The compressor squeezes the air that enters it into smaller areas, resulting in an increase in the air pressure. This results in an increase in the energy potential of the air.

The Compressor is the most important piece of a heating or cooling system, which located in the outdoor unit, the compressor is responsible for pumping refrigerant throughout the system. The compressor is often called "the heart of the system" because it pumps the refrigerant from the indoor evaporator to the outdoor condenser and back to the evaporator again.

Refrigerant Circuit Diagram

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What is fan?

A fan is a gas flow-producing machine, which converts mechanical rotating energy to gas or fluid energy. There are mainly two types of fan: centrifugal fans and axial fan. Centrifugal fan has flow within the wheel that is radial to the shaft while the axial fan has flow within the wheel that is substantially parallel to the shaft.

 

Example of fan

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For a basic cooling air-conditioner, its purpose is to supply the cool air to the room. In the particular refrigeration circuit, refrigerants circulate in the equipment repeating the processes of compression, condensation, expansion and evaporation and back to compression in order to remove the warm air inside the room to the outdoor.

Meanwhile, The Heat Pump supplies the heated air to the indoor through the opposite cycle from the refrigerant device by using a four way valve to reverse the flow of the refrigerants. In the reversed cycle, the condensation process takes place in indoor and evaporation takes place in outdoor.

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Sound is the sensation resulting from stimulation of the auditory mechanism by air waves or vibrations that can be detected by the human ear. The response of the human ear to audible sound depends both on the sound frequency (measured in Hertz, Hz) and the sound pressure, measured in decibels (dB). Audible sound for fit, healthy young people is from 20Hz-20,000Hz, with maximum sensitivity at around 3,000Hz. As we age it is normal to detect sounds in the middle or speech frequencies. Frequencies below 20Hz are called 'infrasound' and those above 20,000Hz 'ultrasound'. The numerical magnitude of a sound is normally expressed as the sound pressure level in logarithmic decibel units (dB).

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Sound pressure level is variation of the pressure in one given point. It depends on the environment acoustic conditions and the distance from the source.

Sound power level is the acoustic energy given by the source. It is independent of the acoustic conditions and the distance from the source.

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Multi Split System enables you to connect two or more indoor units with only one outdoor unit. This will effectively improved the floor space utilization and this models are specially popular in the apartment and condominium.

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Inverter type air conditioner has frequency changer, which can change the electrical frequency to control the speed of the compressor. This in turn, can control the capacity accordingly.

Conventional air conditioners control temperature by switching the compressor on and off. Whereas Inverter air conditioners control the rotation speed of compressor smoothly to maintain room temperature.
Therefore, it eliminates waste with precise control. In this way, it is more energy saving.

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Network Interface Module (NIM) is a networking system which enable communication among our air-conditioner’s controllers. It utilizes master-slave type system whereby the master node will issues commands to each of the slave nodes. It supports up to 256 air conditioning units in a single bus.

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Air filters fitted to indoor units should be regularly inspected and cleaned. Initially check every 2 weeks, until some idea is gained as to how quickly dust is building-up. At the very least, air filters should be cleaned every month. Some indoor units are fitted with Air Purifying Filters, which are smaller filter and are not washable. Individual instructions supplied with each unit should be carefully followed.

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Whenever you turn ON/OFF the air conditioner frequently, you may encounter these conditions:
· Compressor operation is delayed for 3 minutes. This is to balance the pressure of each cycle to protect the compressor from damage.

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You need to clean the condensing unit at least once a month to remove dirt, which are clog between fins.
You also need to check and remove obstacles that hinder airflow in and out of condensing unit. This will make sure the air circulation of the unit is not blocked. It can affect the cooling efficiency, a shorter compressor life and even your electrical bill.

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